Single-incident trauma

• accident
• assault
• loss
• natural disaster
• or other overwhelming or life-altering event

Repeated or ongoing trauma

• complex trauma (e.g., combat exposure, first responder work, medical environments)
• relationship patterns involving control, manipulation, or emotional harm

Unmet needs in childhood

• childhood emotional neglect, physical abuse, and/or sexual abuse
• emotionally unavailable, inconsistent, or critical caregiving environments